The Dragon Can free essay sample

# 8217 ; t Dance Essay, Research Paper The Dragon Can # 8217 ; T Dance The Dragon Can # 8217 ; t Dance. The writer, Earl Lovelace, allows even the non-indigenous reader to understand, to experience the physical and psychological worlds of destitute Calvary Hill # 8211 ; every # 8220 ; Sweet, writhing, aching aching # 8221 ; ( p. 133 ) # 8211 ; more intensely, more wholly, through his usage of paradox. Indeed, oxymorons pepper the pages of his novel, disputing our wonts of idea and arousing us into seeking another sense or context in which these self-contradictions may be resolved into truths, truths that are clearly cosmopolitan yet at the same clip inseparable from the combined coloring material and sordidness of post-World War II Trinidadian life. Striking contradictions are employed most often in the writer # 8217 ; s word picture of Sylvia. While she is a comparatively fringy character, in her, Lovelace limns a startlingly existent portrayal of a adult female, organic structure and psyche, and, as virtually all male characters in the novel are mesmerized by her, it is suiting that the extent of her power is most regularly conveyed in footings of paradox. We will write a custom essay sample on The Dragon Can or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Already at age 17 she possess a # 8220 ; cognizing artlessness # 8221 ; ( p.39 ) , intuitively cognizant of her sacrificial function to her overburdened female parent # 8217 ; s rent aggregator, Guy. When he would touch her, she sometimes stood still, feeling, about badly, the demand to hone the # 8220 ; exultant resignation # 8221 ; ( p.40 ) fitted for the prostitution that was her fate, if non her naming. Along with the omniscient storyteller, the supporter Aldrick Prospect is fascinated by her. When she comes with a white frock and oversized places to offer herself to him, he thinks that it is # 8220 ; as if she had come both to give herself and to defy his taking her. # 8221 ; Unable to accept the societal duty that she implies simply by her presence, Aldrick will subsequently see Sylvia in needfully contradictory footings as # 8220 ; Sylvia, that child, adult female # 8230 ; her eyes # 8230 ; inflaming a sort of active uncaring # 8221 ; ( p. 114 ) toward him. Her physical beauty, # 8220 ; the rhythmic rise-fall of her natess, the quavering up-downing of her buttocks # 8221 ; ( p.151 ) , will do him # 8220 ; injury for her, for the taming of her # 8221 ; ( p. 152 ) , for old ages to come. Graduating from the physical, nevertheless, that # 8220 ; up-downing, drop-rising # 8221 ; ( p. 152 ) of her underside, Aldrick will come to recognize that # 8220 ; her really desirableness placed her above ordinary desiring # 8221 ; ( p. 229 ) , the mere ownership which Guy intends, and it is at carnival that he foremost glimpses the hereafter that they might portion, how he might paradoxically # 8220 ; lose himself and derive himself in her, twirling off with her until together they disappeared into the ego that she was naming back, naming Forth # 8221 ; ( p. 141 ) . Repeating the Indian, Pariag, and Philo the Calypsonian, Aldrick begins to want to merely populate and love and turn, which is precisely why he has ever loved Sylvia: her beauty was non a arm, but a # 8220 ; declaration of a religion in life and a promise of life # 8221 ; ( p. 228 ) . He entirely realizes the paradox that Sylvia is both # 8220 ; illuminated and doomed by that aura # 8221 ; ( p. 229 ) of inner # 8220 ; sainted # 8221 ; beauty which Guy threatens to stamp down by efficaciously sequestering her in a new place in Diego Martin. Merely through the usage of paradox could Lovelace convey the full scope of emotion between Sylvia and Aldrick, who both realize early on the spiritualty of their love that blossomed like a Mangifera indica rose against the unmitigating background of Aldrick # 8217 ; s little room, the brainsick formation of boxboard and wood-board hovels on the Hill, against all of the physical and economic worlds of Port-of-Spain. When Sylvia notices Aldrick coming up the Hill after his five-year prison sentence, for illustration, the sight of him sends # 8220 ; a chilling runing thrilling experiencing # 8221 ; through her flesh ( P . 206 ) . The oxymoron is particularly disposed given the strength of her true feelings for Aldrick and her guilty cognition of the fact that she has affianced herself to Guy entirely for economic grounds. Lovelace continues to use paradoxes to to the full dramatise the ubiquitous economic tensenesss in Calvary Hill. For all of Diego Martin # 8217 ; s comparative asepsis # 8211 ; # 8220 ; the newness and sameness of everything # 8221 ; ( p. 227 ) # 8211 ; the streets of the Hill remain # 8220 ; the really backbones of emptiness # 8221 ; ( p. 143 ) , and Fisheye and his set of ill-affected warriors have small else to make but lounge at the Corner, keeping their organic structures # 8220 ; in that relaxed animation # 8221 ; ( p. 26 ) as they watch # 8220 ; the humdrum prosaic journeying of people ensnared in their day-to-day surviving, a ritual driven # 8230 ; set in gesture, # 8221 ; Lovelace writes, # 8220 ; by that most baronial and obscene ground: the married woman, the kids, the belly, the dorsum of the pes ; the demand to maintain maintaining on # 8221 ; ( p. 166 ) . It is easy discernible how maintaining on in such economic conditions is # 8220 ; baronial and obscen e # 8221 ; at the same clip. The oxymoron serves to increase the sense of pragmatism and, with it, the built-in poignancy for the predicament of the uprooted urban workers # 8211 ; even for Fisheye and his unemployed bullies. Frustration and choler # 8211 ; # 8220 ; an choler older than themselves # 8221 ; ( p. 164 ) # 8211 ; is the inevitable consequence, which manifest in the posturing and ultimate misdirected force of Fisheye and his set. With effortless narrative gait, Lovelace # 8217 ; s description of the set members # 8217 ; # 8220 ; tight humorless smiles # 8221 ; ( p.165 ) culminates in the # 8220 ; serious stupidity # 8230 ; the of import stupidity # 8221 ; ( p. 179 ) of their failed pseudo-revolution in Woodford Square. Finally, the racial biass which characterize the Hill are besides efficaciously dramatized in self-contradictory footings. Despite Miss Cleothilda # 8217 ; s excavate oxymoronic axiom, # 8220 ; All o # 8217 ; we is one # 8221 ; ( p. 14 ) , an foreigner like the Indian, Pariag, will neer be able to experience a human bond with the others in the Yard. Then once more, that is non entirely true ; merely paradoxes can accurately and adequately convey the urban truth. It is merely after the devastation of his bike that the Yard can see past Pariag # 8217 ; s race to his humanity ; Pariag feels this intimacy every bit good. However, with the culturally pluralistic ideal about in range, Lovelace translates the self-contradictory and practical world for the reader: Pariag # 8230 ; felt touched that they had recognized him # 8230 ; Yet, it pained him that they had recognized him merely at that minute when he was pulling off ; and this hurting brought a height to his walk, so that he was at that clip both closer to them and further from them. It would be across this distance and with this intimacy that they would see each other henceforth ( p. 155 ) . Even Fisheye will finally halt coercing # 8220 ; two shilling # 8221 ; from Pariag whenever Pariag base on ballss by him. But when a immature fellar says to him, # 8220 ; I didn # 8217 ; T know he was your friend, # 8221 ; Fisheye responds: # 8220 ; Get the degree Fahrenheit # 8211 ; out of here, who say he is my friend # 8221 ; ( p. 155 ) ? Of class Fisheye # 8217 ; s come back contradicts what he unconsciously feels inside, but it is declarative of that apparently unachievable end of non merely Trinidad and Tobago, but of all states # 8211 ; # 8220 ; Indian, Chinee, white, black, rich, hapless # 8221 ; ( p. 163 ) # 8211 ; that Pariag redefines, thought of Miss Cleothilda and her All o # 8217 ; we is one: # 8220 ; No. We didn # 8217 ; Ts have to run into one. I woulda be me for my ain ego. A get downing # 8230 ; # 8217 ; ( p. 224 ) . And Lovelace # 8217 ; s vision in The Dragon Can # 8217 ; t Dance provides merely that: a microcosmic beginning, pealing challenging, all-too-relevant truths about humanity from a universe of self-contradictions, through a limpid poesy of paradox. To borrow Lovelace # 8217 ; s ain words about Miss Cleothilda, his is arguably a novel of # 8220 ; brave and pious magnificence # 8221 ; ( p. 147 ) .

Anxiety Disorder Research Paper

Anxiety Disorder Research Paper Definition Anxiety is the uncomfortable feeling of dread that occurs in response to extreme or prolonged periods of stress (Smeltzer and Bare, 2000). It is commonly ranked as mild, moderate, severe, or panic. It is believed that a mild amount of anxiety is a normal part of the human being and that mild anxiety is necessary to change and develop new ways of coping with stress. Anxiety is a reaction to an internal threat, such as an unacceptable impulse or a repressed thought that is straining to reach a conscious level or a real, threatened, or imagined threat to the patient’s self-esteem. Overwhelming anxiety can result in a generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) uncontrollable, unrealistic worry that is persistent. Risk Factors/Incidence Onset is usually before age 20, and the patient usually has a history of childhood fears. It’s equally common in men and women. More than 80% of patients with GAD suffer from major depression, arrhythmias, or social phobia (Smeltzer and Bare, 2000). Physiological Process/Etiology of the Disease or Condition Anxiety can indicate a primary psychiatric condition, be related to a primary medical disease, or be related to a medication adverse effect. In GAD, an alteration in benzodiazepine receptor regulation is thought to occur (Smeltzer and Bare, 2000). Serotonin abnormalities also appear to play a part in anxiety (Smeltzer and Bare, 2000). Increased serotonin levels have been associated with obsessive compulsive disorders. Etiological Theories Psychoanalytical theory says that anxiety is a conflict between the id and the superego, which was repressed in early development but which emerges again in adulthood (Smeltzer and Bare, 2000). Biological theory looks at this situation differently. Biological theories consider the sympathoadrenal responses to stress and observe the blood vessels constrict because epinephrine and norepinephrine have been release (Smeltzer and Bare, 2000). Blood pressure rises. If the body adapts to the stress, hormone levels adjust to compensate for epinephrine-norepinephrine release, and the body functions return to homeostasis(Smeltzer and Bare, 2000). If the body does not adapt to the stress, the immune system is challenged, lymph nodes swell, and risk for physical illness increases (Smeltzer and Bare, 2000). Signs Symptoms The patient admits to worrying excessively about minor matters, with life-disturbing effects. Physical examination of the patient with GAD may reveal symptoms of muscle tension, including trembling, muscle aches and spasms, headaches, and an inability to relax. Autonomic signs and symptoms include shortness of breath, tachycardia, and sweating, and abdominal complaints are rare. The patient may startle easily and complain of feeling apprehensive, fearful, or angry and of having difficulty sleeping, eating, or concentrating. Other signs and symptoms may be a feeling of restlessness or feeling on edge, shaking, palpitations, dry mouth, nausea or vomiting, hot flashes, chills, polyuria, and difficulty swallowing. Diagostic Criteria When the patient’s symptoms match the following criteria documented in the DSM-IV, the diagnosis of GAD is confirmed: Â  The patient has an unrealistic or excessive anxiety and worry about two or more events or activities for 6 months, during which he has been bothered most days by these concerns. The patient finds it difficult to control the worry. The focus of the anxiety and worry doesn’t have the features of an Axis disorder. The disturbance doesn’t occur only during the course of a mood disorder, psychotic disorder, or pervasive development disorder; nor is it due to direct physiologic effects of a substance ( drug abuse or medication) or a general medical condition (such as hyperthyroidism). Anxiety and worry are linked with three or more of the following symptoms present over the past 6 months (only one is required in a child): -restlessness or feeling keyed up or on edge -being easily fatigued -difficulty concentrating or mind going blank -irritability -muscle tension -sleep disturbance. The anxiety, worry, or symptoms cause significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. Because anxiety is the central feature of other mental disorders, psychiatric evaluation is necessary to rule out phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorders, depression, and acute schizophrenia. Treatment Treatment is individualized for the patient and may include one or more of the following: psychopharmacology, individual psychotherapy, group therapy, systematic desensitization hypnosis, imagery, relaxation exercises, and biofeedback (Smeltzer and Bare, 2000). Drug treatment and psychotherapy is most effective in treating a patient with this disorder. Complete symptomatic relief is rare, however. The benzodiazepine antianxiety drugs relieve anxiety but should only be prescribed for 4 to 6 weeks because of the potential for abuse (Smeltzer and Bare, 2000). Buspirone, an antianxiety drug, causes less sedation and less risk of physical and psychological dependence than the benzodiazepine (Smeltzer and Bare, 2000). However, it takes several weeks to take effect. Psychotherapy can help the patient identify and deal with the cause of anxiety, anticipate his reactions, and plan effective response strategies to deal with the anxiety. The patient may learn relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, focused relaxation, and visualization (Smeltzer and Bare, 2000). Complications Anxiety can impair social or occupational functioning; effects can range from mild to severe and incapacitating. GAD patients often abuse substances. Alcohol or sedative and hypnotic abuse is common. Nursing Process Assessment: Head to toe nursing assessment to identify the signs and symptoms of the disease and potential presence of complications described above. Areas of focus: psychological status (on edge, easily startled, sad, fatigue easily, fearful, angry, mood, any changes in behavior, altered thought processes, including patient’s explanation of problem, onset, duration, participating events, past coping, present coping, insight, motivation to change, anxiety level (+1,+2,+3,+4),Current stressors, results of mental status examination, and personal abilities, talents, and strengths, ect.), nutritional status ( nausea, vomiting, intake, output, IBW, weight loss, weight gain, anorexia, ect.), immune status (fatigue, malaise, vague underlying complaints, delayed healing, ect.), respiratory status (vital signs, SOB, ect.), skin status (rash, lesions, ect.), cardiovascular status (tachycardia, palpitations, rapid pulse, ect.). History of panic symptoms (choking feeling in throat, hyperv entilation, light-headedness, dizziness, and other physical signs and symptoms of anxiety). Medication history (response, effectiveness, and adverse effects), sociologic status, including support systems, hobbies, interests, work history, family makeup, family roles, family coping mechanisms, lifestyle, ect. Problems: Anxiety related to unexpected panic attacks Decisional conflict (excessive worry) related to anxiety level Impaired social interaction related to embarrassment and shame associated with symptoms Altered thought process related to inability to function Interventions: Interventions include the assessments identified above and may also include the following: Establish relationship with unconditional positive regard and respect (Miller, 1992) Competently maintain universal precautions Maintain strict confidentiality Administer medications as prescribed by MD Refer to appropriate agencies (related to health, finances, support groups,, ect.) Active listening/allow time for expression of feelings (empowerment). Teaching (Medication actions and their adverse effects, relaxation techniques, ect.) Stay with patient when he is anxious, and encourage him to discuss his feelings, reduce environmental stimuli, and remain calm. Help patient develop effective coping mechanisms to manage his anxiety Suggest activities that distract patient from anxiety.

2013 Hurricane Names

2013 Hurricane Names 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 Below you will find the listing of hurricane names for the Atlantic Ocean for the year 2013. For every year, there is a pre-approved list of tropical storm and hurricane names. These lists have been generated by the National Hurricane Center since 1953. At first, the lists consisted of only female names; however, since 1979, the lists alternate between male and female. Hurricanes are named alphabetically from the list in chronological order. Thus the first tropical storm or hurricane of the year has a name that begins with A and the second is given the name that begins with B. The lists contain hurricane names that begin from A to W, but exclude names that begin with a Q or U. There are six lists that continue to rotate. The lists only change when there is a hurricane that is so devastating, the name is retired and another hurricane name replaces it. The 2013 hurricane name list is the same as the 2007 hurricane name list with the exception of three names that were devastating hurricanes in 2007 and thus retired. Dean was replaced by Dorian, Felix was replaced by Fernand, and Noel was replaced by Nestor. 2013 Hurricane Names AndreaBarryChantalDorianErinFernandGabrielleHumbertoIngridJerryKarenLorenzoMelissaNestorOlgaPabloRebekahSebastienTanyaVanWendy

The Bernie Madoff Scandal Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Bernie Madoff Scandal - Case Study Example This paper illustrates that the Bernie Madoff Scandal was discovered by one of the Modoffs’ son when Madoff decided to pay up to $7 billion redemptions or bonuses upfront after showing the inability to pay investors. The sons demanded to know the source of the funds and father admitted that his asset management arm of his firm was actually being operated as a Ponzi scheme in which new investments covered returns from the existing or earlier investments and personal wealth. Upon discovering the fraud, the son did what the unexpected and took up the matter with the federal authorities leading to the arrest of Madoff. Madoff revealed that he had run the scheme for approximately 20 years since the early 1990s. It was discovered that over the years Mr. Madoff was actually using money from new investors to pay returns to old investors creating a pyramid resembling a previous scheme named after Charles Ponzi. Although Mr. Madoff was operating within hedge fund industry, his fund was not a hedge fund, but endowments and foundations after the hedge funds invested heavily with his company. Madoff’s strategy to pay old investors with funds obtained from new investors enables his firm to satisfy the high returns promised to investors despite failure by the old investments to generate any returns. Investors expected that their funds were invested elsewhere by the company to generate returns, but Madoff deposited all the funds in his business account at Chase Manhattan Bank. In order to hide the reality in his company, he creatively came up with false transactions involving falsified SEC filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission and foreign transfers year after year. Modoff’s fraud dealings also most surfaced in 1999 when Harry Markopolos, a financial analyst-whistleblower alerted the securities and commission that his gains were impractical in the financial situation.

The Debate on the Compromise of 1850 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Debate on the Compromise of 1850 - Essay Example Championed by Henry Clay it set off fiery and intense debates. Daniel Webster, of Massachusetts, and the Senator from South Carolina, John C. Calhoun, entered into a debate on the Senate floor during March of 1850. Though each man was against slavery on moral grounds, they were on opposite sides of the debate. At the heart of the debate, the saving of the Union, they were in agreement. Yet, the methods they advocated to reach that end were in opposition. Protecting the Union from dissolving was the central issue and the reason for the compromise. Both men met in favor on this and both men could see the looming threat of secession of the Southern States. Webster sees the impending violence and warns against flirting with the possibility when he states, "There can be no such thing as a peaceable secession. Peaceable secession is an utter impossibility". Calhoun, while in agreement, took a more pragmatic approach and said, "It is only through a long process, and successively, that the cords can be snapped until the whole fabric falls asunder." Calhoun, from the South, was guarding against further agitation of the North and also guarding against alienating his Southern constituency. Calhoun's speech is highlighted by what he sees as the unfair treatment of the South by the North. With slavery prohibited in the unorganized territories and the provisions of popular sovereignty, he decries the dwindling political representation that the South has in Washington. He further puts forth the notion that the South generates a preponderance of the revenue that goes into the pockets of Northern industrialists. His speech is centered around the theme that the South must be satisfied in order to remain a useful section of the Union, and it was the responsibility of the North to rectify past wrongs and promote a more equitable system. Webster, on the other hand, does not recognize the imbalance in justice between the North and the South. Webster believes that the tensions arise from the North's unwillingness to accept the slavery in the South. He dismisses Calhoun's insistence that the South is being mistreated by saying, "These are disputed topics, and I have no inclination to enter into them". Webster saw slavery, and the South's ownership of the issue, as the central issue. But beyond the simple notion of slavery, both men agreed that the tensions were being promoted by abolitionists geared toward arousing anti-slavery feelings in the south. Webster was politically bound to show some public support for the Whig slave owners that he was courting for national support, while Calhoun needed anti-abolitionist support at home. Though the main issue of the Compromise of 1850 was the problem of the Texas territory and it's claim on New Mexico, neither man chose to highlight it in their speech. Another critical issue, the Fugitive Slave Act, was detailed by Webster but Calhoun chose to ignore the issue. Webster blamed the North for a lack of will in enforcing the laws that they were sworn to uphold. Webster's notion was to give the South their slavery, enforce their traditions, and they would go away quietly and exist in harmony with the North. Calhoun saw the turning point from a different perspective and believed that no compromise was possible as long as the North did not politically recognize the contributions of the

The Handmaidens Tale and 1984 Essay Example for Free

The Handmaidens Tale and 1984 Essay The government has the righteous duties to be a national defense for its citizens, to act as an administration of justice in providing law and order for its peoples, and to provide certain public goods and services to its people; though in these present epochs, the government fails to provide certain necessities to its citizens. The two books written in a similar century, both George Orwell’s 1984, and Margret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale, display how the government can use violence as a means of control on its people. In 1984, the government controls its citizens’ lives through manipulating the language of Oceania; Syme, who is Winston’s colleague at the Ministry of Truth, was a lexicographer who developed the new dictionary of the Oceanic language: Newspeak. Also, similar in type, in Margret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale, the government in Gilead uses policies that regulates and controls its women’s desires for sexual activity; the government acts in such a way, because the government has a procreative agenda in Gilead. To conclude, the government in both these novels uses violence as a means of controlling its citizens. In 1984, and The Handmaid’s Tale, both the citizens of Oceania and Gilead have their language distorted; this is in order for them to be infringed from certain goods and services. This language alteration is most evident when Syme informs Winston (the main protagonist in 1984) that by 2050, no individual will be able to understand their conversation; this meaning that the government of Oceania wants to control its citizens’ thoughts. This context can be understood when Syme is in a low-ceilinged canteen deep underground, and he refers to the beauty of the government’s means of controlling the local vocabulary, saying â€Å"Dont you see that the whole aim of Newspeak is to narrow the range of thought? †¦ Has it ever occurred to you, Winston, that by the year 2050, at the very latest, not a single human being will be alive who could understand such a conversation as we are having now? †¦The whole climate of thought will be different. In fact, there will be no thought, as we understand it now. Orthodoxy means not thinking—not needing to think. Orthodoxy is unconsciousness† (Orwell, pg. 68). This quote elucidates to the Big Brother’s master plan in narrowing the range of thought to the Newspeak; it states that all human beings will not understand the conversation they are having, because the universal lexicon will devalue the purpose of thought. The fact that Syme uses words and phrases such as â€Å"thought will be different,† â€Å"there will be no thought,† and, â€Å"Orthodoxy means not thinking,† implies that the government of Oceania will infringe on the citizen’s right to the freedom of thought. Not only does the government of Oceania control the public through changing the vocabulary, but this happens also in the government of Gilead. This language manipulation is most evident when Offred was walking to the shop, and she noticed the written letters on the shop had been painted out, describing, â€Å"Almost all written words anywhere have been removed, even the shops have had the lettering painted out, when they decided that even the names of the shops were too much for us. Now places are known by their signs alone† (Atwood, pg. 1). This quotation refers to how the written words have been removed out of the language, in order for the government to control its citizens from certain services such as literacy. In this quotation, the words and phrases such as â€Å"all written words anywhere have been removed† â€Å"the lettering†¦ painted out,† and, â€Å"places are known by their signs,† means that the government has narrowed the language so m uch, that the citizens can only understand the important sections of the city, and not have the freedom to explore its vicinities. In this paragraph, it is clear that the government uses the manipulation of the local lexicon, subsequently infringing on the rights of its local citizens. In the other novel, 1984 written by George Orwell, the citizens of Oceania experience another form of control, which is the violation to rights of privacy. In this novel, Winston Smith described the conditions in the public square; mentioning that if an individual showed any miniscule sign of deceitfulness, then the government would arrest the criminal immediately, saying, â€Å"It was terribly dangerous to let your thoughts wander when you were in any public place or within range of a telescreen. The smallest thing could give you away. A nervous tic, an unconscious look of anxiety, a habit of muttering to yourselfanything that carried with it the suggestion of abnormality, of having something to hide. In any case, to wear an improper expression on your face ; was itself a punishable offence. There was even a word for it in Newspeak: facecrime (Orwell, pg. 79). In this quotation, Winston Smith refers to the Big Brother’s legislative policies in which telescreens would be set-up in order to have control over its citizens. From the author using words and phrases such as â€Å"terribly dangerous to let your thoughts wander when you were in any public place or within range of a telescreen,† â€Å"the smallest thing could give you away,† and,† improper expression on your face†¦; was itself a punishable offence,† shows that it is even dangerous to express the slightest sign of abnormality in front of the telescreen. Not only does the government in Oceania violate the right to private and public privacy, but that in the government in Gilead the same occurrence ensues. This governmental violation of the right to private and public privacy, is most evident in the gymnasium, where Offred learned who to whisper almost without making a sound, explaining, â€Å"We learned to whisper almost without sound. In the semi-darkness we could stretch out our arms, when the Aunts werent looking, and touch each others hands across space. We learned to lip-read, our heads flat on the beds, turned sideways, watching each others mouths. In this way we exchanged names, from bed to bed: Alma. Janine. Dolores. Moira. June† (Atwood pg. 4). In this quotation, the handmaids exchange names through lip reading and through whispers. Through the words and phrases such as, â€Å"learned to whisper almost without sound,† â€Å"learned to lip-read,† and, â€Å"In this way we exchanged names,† means that because they had to lip-read and whisper, this shows the reader that the handmaids have no privacy to exchange names. In this paragraph, it is noticeable that the government’s legislation and policy mitigates the right to privacy. Furthurmore, in the same novel, 1984, it can be seen that the government subjugates its people from sexual activity. In the novel, Winston fantasizes about making live with Julia as she travels across the field, saying, â€Å"The girl with dark hair was coming towards them across the field. With what seemed a single movement she tore off her clothes and flung them disdainfully aside. Her body was white and smooth, but it aroused no desire in him, indeed he barely looked at it. What overwhelmed him in that instant was admiration for the gesture with which she had thrown her clothes aside. With its grace and carelessness it seemed to annihilate a whole culture, a whole system of thought, as though Big Brother and the Party and the Thought Police could all be swept into nothingness by a single splendid movement of the arm. That too was a gesture belonging to the ancient time† (Atwood, pg. 0). In this quote, Winston Smith dreams about Julia taking off her clothes as she runs across the field. Through the author using words and phrases such as, â€Å"she tore off her clothes,† â€Å"he barely looked at it,† and, â€Å"Big Brother and the Party and the Though Police,† shows that as Julia takes off her clothes on the field, Winston Smith barely looks at her body due to the Big Brother and the Parties legislation for the elimination of sexual p romiscuity. Not only does the government in Oceania take away the right to sexual activity, but that the government of Gilead also infringes on the right to sexual interest. This governmental infringement can also be seen in the ‘Handmaidens tale’ through Offred who makes it clear that throughout the narrative, she is apart of a collectively owned resource. She describes her tattoo as: â€Å"four digits and an eye, a passport in reverse. It’s supposed to guarantee that I will never be able to fade, finally, into another landscape. I am too important†¦. I am a national resource. † (Atwood 65). This quote said by Offred of her describing her tattoo acts as a symbol of the tattoo itself that the government subjugates its people from sexual activity that they would desire and that women are only used as a resource to repopulate. In conclusion, the two narratives in which were written in a similar century, both George Orwell’s 1984, and Margret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale, clearly use their book as a means of foretelling the future of a society monopolized by corruption from future technology by displaying how their government uses violence as a means of control over its people.

Industrial Revolution :: British History

Britain was the perfect country to start the Industrial Revolution due to three factors. Britain had the natural resources of coal and iron. Coal was used for energy and iron was used for building the new machines. They also had surplus labor, which gave jobs to farmers, because of the Agricultural Revolution, which was led to farmers loosing their jobs. Britain had also had a lot of infrastructure, such as laws and in stable government, which helped with industrialization. Roads, ports and bridges played an important role in developing an industrialized nation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some causes and effects of the industrial revolution, which also considered positive and negative effects of the Industrial revolution. Positive effects were the agricultural revolution meant more employment; Empires provided markets in which the price went down. There were also inventions, such as the steam engine; with this invention and more Britains economics were boosted. Negative effects were that natural resources led to urban squalor (when the city spread out and it was all a mess there was no organization). Enclosure act, which made urban population rise, Britain had lots of capital from colonies, in which the quality of goods went down but the quantity rose. Another negative cause and effect of the industrial revolution was that there was dynamo, variety went down there was more uniformity (in the products) and workers and consumers were abused.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There were two different types of systems that Britain had. One was the Domestic system. In which, products were made in the home, quantity was lower but quality was higher, people worked at home and made the entire product from beginning to end, this was a good way to do it but took long hours and hard work. The other type of system was the industrialized system, in which the products were made in a factory, assembly lines were used, and workers only made a piece of the product, the quantity of product went up, but the quality went down. The working conditions of the workers were unbearable.

Comparative Study on Consumption Patterns of Soft Drinks and Fruit Juices Essay

A drink, or beverage, is a liquid specifically prepared for human consumption. In addition to basic needs, beverages form part of the culture of human society. or any liquid suitable for drinking; â€Å"may I take your beverage order? † or A liquid to consume, usually excluding water; a drink. This may include tea, coffee, liquor, beer, milk, or soft drinks Types of beverage The various types of beverage are: †¢Alcoholic beverages †¢Non-Alcohol beverages †¢Soft drinks †¢Fruit juice †¢Hot beverages †¢Other 1. Alcoholic beverages. An alcoholic beverage is a drink containing ethanol, commonly known as alcohol, although in chemistry the definition of an alcohol includes many other compounds. Alcoholic beverages, such as wine, beer, and liquor have been part of human culture and development for 8,000 years. 2. Non-alcohol beverages Non-alcoholic beverages are drinks that would normally contain alcohol, such as beer and wine but are made with less than . 5 percent alcohol by volume. The category includes drinks that have undergone an alcohol removal process such as non-alcoholic beers and de-alcohol zed wines. Non-alcoholic variants: †¢Low alcohol beer †¢Non-alcoholic wine †¢Sparkling cider 3. Soft drinks The name â€Å"soft drink† specifies a lack of alcohol by way of contrast to the term â€Å"hard drink† and the term â€Å"drink†, the latter of which is nominally neutral but often carries connotations of alcoholic content. Beverages like colas, sparkling water, iced tea, lemonade, squash, and fruit are among the most common types of soft drinks, while hot chocolate, hot tea, coffee, milk, tap water, alcohol, and milkshakes do not fall into this classification. Many carbonated soft drinks are optionally available in versions sweetened with sugars or with non-caloric sweeteners. 4. Fruit juice Juice is a liquid naturally contained in fruit or vegetable tissue. Juice is prepared by mechanically squeezing or macerating fresh fruits or vegetables without the application of heat or solvents. For example,orange juice is the liquid extract of the fruit of the orange tree. Juice may be prepared in the home from fresh fruits and vegetables using variety of hand or electric juicers. Many commercial juices are filtered to remove fiber or pulp, but high pulp fresh orange juice is a popular beverage. Juice may be marketed inconcentrate form, sometimes frozen, requiring the user to add water to reconstitute the liquid back to its â€Å"original state† 5. Hot beverages Hot beverages, including infusions. Sometimes drunk chilled. ?Coffee-based beverages ?Cappuccino ?Coffee ?Espresso ?Cafe au lait ?Frappe ?Flavored coffees (mocha etc. ) ?Latte ?Hot chocolate ?Hot cider ?Mulled cider ?Tea-based beverages ?Flavored teas (chai etc. ) ?Green tea? Pearl milk tea ?Tea ?Herbal teas ?Yerba Mate ?Roasted grain beverages ?Sanka 6. Other Some substances may either be called food or drink, and accordingly be eaten with a spoon or drunk, depending on solid ingredients in it and on how thick it is, and on preference: †¢Soup †¢Yogurt OVERVIEW OF THE INDUSTRY The beverage market is worth $55 billion worldwide. The tides are turning for many beverage categories. While the carbonated soft drink and beer categories are merely treading water with flat sales, the energy drink category is surging ahead like never before. Bottled water, ready-to-drink coffee, ready-to-drink tea and sports drinks follow close behind with substantial sales increase- drinks without added sugar, no beer, along with developments in juice drinks and dairy-based drinks, are helping to turn around sales in these categories. What follows is a category-by-category look at the state of the beverage industry, including the top brands, new products, innovations and future trendsetters. In order to be successful in the marketplace, one has to think in terms of health innovation, flavor innovation, ingredient innovation and specific age groups. These are the factors that will shape the future of the beverage industry. â€Å"Today’s consumers are concerned with overall health and wellness. As a result, there is significant impact on food and beverage purchases. Many studies have shown that consumers are as concerned with good health as they are about maintaining a high quality of life. † Do you know what type of new beverage consumers are most likely to try? Do you know where they are most likely to pick those products up? Do you know why? Beverage Industry wanted to know the answers to these questions and to delve deeper into the ever-increasing number of new product launches in the beverage market. â€Å"The soft drink industry is training people to seek out new products, even the big guys are coming out with limited-edition flavors, and consumers are beginning to see that there is more flavor activity going on in the category. Whether that really nets anybody any sales gains is another thing, but it is teaching consumers to seek out and try new products. It’s also trying to create some excitement there. † In spite of several challenges and restrictions faced by this industry, it is a ‘roll’ like never before. Customer preferences may have shifted, but they are still always on the look out for a can of ‘coke’ or a new ‘flavored’ drink to quench their thirst. INDIAN BEVERAGE MARKET The size of the Indian food processing industry is around $ 65. 6 billion, including $20. 6 billion of value added products. Of this, the health beverage industry is valued at $230 million; bread and biscuits at $1. 7 billion; chocolates at $73 million and ice creams at $188 million. The size of the semi-processed/ready-to-eat food segment is over $1. 1 billion. Large biscuits & confectionery units, Soya processing units and starch/glucose/sorbitol producing units have also come up, catering to domestic and international markets. The three largest consumed categories of packaged foods are packed tea, biscuits and soft drinks. The Indian beverage industry faces over supply in segments like coffee and tea. However, more than half of this is available in unpacked or loose form. Indian hot beverage market is a tea dominant market. Consumers in different parts of the country have heterogeneous tastes. Dust tea is popular in southern India, while loose tea in preferred in western India. The urban-rural split of the tea market was 51:49 in 2000. Coffee is consumed largely in the southern states. The size of the total packaged coffee market is 19,600 tones or $87 million. The total soft drink (carbonated beverages and juices) market is estimated at 284 million crates a year or $1 billion. The market is highly seasonal in nature with consumption varying from 25 million crates per month during peak season to 15 million during off-season. The market is predominantly urban with 25 per cent contribution from rural areas. Coca cola and Pepsi dominate the Indian soft drinks market. Mineral water market in India is a 65 million crates ($50 million) industry. On an average, the monthly consumption is estimated at 4. 9 million crates, which increases to 5. 2 million during peak season. RECENT ISSUES 1. Xtazy, another energy drink for the Indian market The Indian market for energy drinks was estimated recently to have a size of Rs 500 crore, about 90 million Euros. The market which is so far dominated by Red Bull, is attracting various new players which want to get a share in a growing business. One of the aspirants is Xtazy, an energy drink from the US. â€Å"Xtazy is the forth largest energy drink inthe US†, says Rohan Malhotra, Managing Director of R. M. Indian Liquor Pvt. Ltd. , the exclusive importer for Xtazy. Malhotra has launched Xtazy already in Eastern India, and was looking now for a distributor in the Delhi area, when FII spoke to him during IFE fair in Delhi recently. In order to take on Red Bull and get a share of 20% from their business, Malhotra wants to offer better conditions to distributors. â€Å"We provide a margin of 6-8% to a distributor, who thus can earn about Rs 6 a can†, Malhotra says. â€Å" This is more than what Red Bull offers which is only about 2 – 3 Rs per can. † Xtazy is available in cans of 350 ml, thus more than the usual 250 ml of other energy drinks, and will be priced with a MRP of Rs 85. Four variants are offered, Cranberry Blast, Sugar Free Passion Fruit-Pineapple, Orange Blast and Lime Blast. Malhotra has planned several marketing measures to promote Xtazy, like PoS actions, coupons and direct marketing in a first round, and night parties in a second round. In marketing communication, he is highlighting not only the variants, but also health effects as the USPs of Xtazy, which are derived from ancient herbs used in the drink like gingko and guarana. The extract of gingko biloba leaf has been shown to dilate blood vessels and has the ability to increase peripheral blood circulation, especially to the brain, the company writes in a leaflet. Guarana from Brasil would serve to promote weight loss by increasing the metabolic rate and reducing the appetite. Besides the US, Malhotra says, Xtazy would be marketed also in Israel, Ukraine and in Turkey and would soon be launched in China. 2. Australia-based â€Å"Aromas† launches first coffee store in India. Australia-based â€Å"Aromas,† one of the leading coffee chain shops, launched its first cafe outlet in India at Hiranandani, Powai, and Mumbai. The company also tied up with Ideal Hospitality Private Ltd (IHPL), which would own the brand in the country and south-east Asia. Jayant Mahiskar, chairman and MD, IHPL, said, â€Å"Aromas is being launched keeping in mind the true coffee connoisseurs. We aim at targeting the youth and corporate at our outlets and Powai with a mix of residential and office complexes was a natural choice. The coffee has been created from selection of the original beans and blended to suit all tastes. Aromas ensures freshness and fullness of flavor. † According to the agreement with Aromas, IHPL will pay about 1. 5% of the gross revenue earned. Further, the company has decided to invest about Rs. 50-75 crore in the next three years to expand its footprint with 99 outlets in India. 3. China rejects Coke bid to take-over major juice maker China has rejected Coca-Cola’s $2. 5 billion bid to buy a major Chinese juice maker. The purchase of Huiyuan Juice Group Ltd would have been the biggest foreign acquisition of a Chinese company to date. The proposed purchase was rejected on anti-monopoly grounds, the Chinese commerce ministry announced on its website. Coca-Cola’s bid in September prompted an outcry by nationalists who urged the government to bar foreigners from acquiring one of China’s most successful homegrown brands. Rival juice producers warned that the acquisition would give Coca-Cola too dominant a position in China’s beverage market. A Coca-Cola spokesman in Hong Kong learned of the rejection of the sale had no immediate comment. Huiyuan’s founders and major shareholders already had endorsed the sale. If Coke were to take over Huiyuan, it will dominate the soft drinks market in China, which not only hurts consumers, but also other sector participants. Huiyuan controls more than a tenth of the Chinese fruit and vegetable juice market that grew 15% last year to $2 billion. Coca-Cola has a 9. 7% share and dominates in diluted juices. According to analysts China’s ruling on Coke could cut both ways in that Chinese firms that have been making increasingly high profile acquisitions abroad may run into trouble of their own. 4. Pepsi’s Slice kicks off the new season with ‘Aamsutra’ PepsiCo’s popular mango juice drink brand- Slice kicks off the 2009 season with it’s new ‘Aamsutra’ concept. According to Homi Battiwalla, business head, juice & juice drinks, PepsiCo India, Slice had seen powerful consumer momentum post the re-launch of 2008. The new winning formulation has been appreciated by consumers. Aamsutra has driven strong disruption in the juice and juice drink category. All of this has made Slice the fastest growing mango drink brand in the country. â€Å"South India is the lead market for mango drinks in the country. Andhra Pradesh is the biggest mango market and also the fastest growing market for Slice and mango drinks in the country. Tamil Nadu is amongst the top three states and Slice is the market-leader in Tamil Nadu,† he added Pepsi has now opted for a new brand ambassador, Katrina Kaif. â€Å"The creative thought behind the new communication was to further enhance the Slice experience into dimensions of pleasure, sensuality and indulgence. Last year’s commercial was about enumerating the principles of ‘Aamsutra’ or the art of experiencing pure mango pleasure with the new Slice. This year, the commercial portrays the next level to bring alive the mango indulgence, stated Hari Krishnan, Vice President, JWT. The company has now opted for a 360 multimedia campaigns involving digital, print, radio, impact outdoors and sampling in core markets. 5. Parle Agro launches lemon flavoured drink â€Å"LMN† Parle Agro, one of the leading food & beverage companies in India, has launched a new fruit-based lemon drink LMN in the non-carbonated segment. The new brand is a natural lemon juice drink and the only brand in India with a taste closest to home made, fresh lime water (Nimbu pani). According to the company, LMN will offer consumers a healthy, refreshing drink with the goodness of vitamin C. Every summer, the Indian beverage market has seen cola majors battle it out. This summer, the launch of LMN will see the cola wars taking a back seat and the battle spilling over to the non-cola segment, to be more precise in the nimbu paani category. PepsiCo India last week launched a nimbu pani drink, Nimbooz, under the 7Up brand On the occasion of LMN’s launch, Nadia Chauhan, joint managing director and CMO, Parle Agro, said, â€Å"Nimbu pani has traditionally been India’s most commonly consumed cold beverage. In fact the idea of a branded lemon drink is so simple that you would wonder why nobody thought of it earlier. The challenge for us was packaging a natural product while retaining its fresh, original taste throughout its shelf life. † LMN will be available in 110 ml Tetra, 200 ml Tetra and 500 ml PET packs priced at Rs 5, Rs 10 and Rs 23 respectively. The company aims to touch a turnover of Rs 3000-3500 crore by 2011. The company will target both (youth and adult) segments of consumers to turn them into branded consumers of nimbu pani. Besides this LMN will also target an emerging segment of consumers who are looking for a healthy and refreshing beverage in the country. â€Å"For the last 20 years, Parle Agro has been the market leader in fruit based beverages, we have constantly worked keeping in mind Indian preferences while formulating products that cater to the Indian palate. It is without any doubt that only an Indian company can understand what real nimbu pani tastes like and what the Indian consumer wants in a packaged offering,† Chauhan added. Further, the company claims that packaged nimbu pani will have tremendous growth potential, higher than other packaged drinks mainly because of a major shift in consumer behavior. Today, the beverage consumer is looking for hygiene, convenience, refreshing taste, affordability and year-round availability. The name LMN is derived from the SMS version of the word lemon. Parle Agro also owns other fruit drink brands like Frooti, Appy Fizz and packaged drinking water, Bailey. 6. PepsiCo launches ‘Nimbooz,’ packaged lemon juice with no fizz and artificial flavours. PepsiCo India has launched its packaged nimbu paani, Nimbooz, under its 7Up brand. The home-made nimbu paani or lime juice has been specially created to suit Indian tastes. The lemon juice, no fizz and artificial flavours, is available in trendy, convenient packs. The drink offers great value to consumers in three packaging formats of 200 ml returnable glass bottles (RGB), 350 ml PET and 200 ml Tetra attractively priced at Rs 10, Rs 15 and Rs 10, respectively. According to Ms Punita Lal, Executive Director- Marketing, PepsiCo India, Nimbooz, is specially developed to suit Indian tastes and preferences. â€Å"Nimbooz is an affordable offering for consumers on the go because of its ready-to-drink format that is both convenient and hygienic. The proposition of the Indian refresher perfectly captures the mass appeal of this product and will certainly drive consumer connect, stated Ms Alpana Titus, Executive VP-Flavours, PepsiCo India. PepsiCo has drawn up an intensive consumer activation campaign to market Nimbooz. The 360 degree marketing communication plan will revolve around building awareness through multi-city launches and road shows, comprehensive 3D activation, leveraging Out-of-Home (OOH) media, radio, press and outdoors. Aggressive trial generation and sampling initiatives will also be taken forward across major cities of the country. A special ‘Nimbooz Highway Gadi’ has been created that will visit the four major highways connecting Delhi to Jaipur, Dehradun, Agra to drive trails and consumer education. 7. Coke launches fruit-flavoured Fanta Apple nationally After successfully introducing it in southern markets last year, Coca-Cola India has launched its fruit-flavoured soft drink ‘Fanta Apple’ nationally. The product is available in 200 ml and 300 ml returnable glass bottles and also in 500 ml PET pack priced at Rs 8, Rs 10 and Rs 22 respectively. During the Fanta Apple launch in October 2008, Venkatesh Kini, marketing vice-president, Coca-Cola India, said that the company had planned to reach about 3. 5 lakh customers with sample apple flavoured drink to extend its market leadership in the fruit flavoured segment in Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. â€Å"As per consumer research, we have found that after orange, apple is the most preferred fruit in the country and Fanta Apple has been developed specially for the Indian palate,† Kini said on Monday. According to experts, the nationwide launch of Fanta Apple is a part of the company’s $250 million business plan for the country. Fanta Apple is the second flavour after Fanta Orange under â€Å"Fanta† brand of the company. â€Å"We have had an excellent response down south with a reused value to the drink and with the national launch of Fanta Apple, we are stepping stones to extend Coca Cola India’s market leadership in the fruit-flavoured sparkling drink segment,† Kini added. The company has also announced Bollywood actress Genelia D’Souza as the new brand ambassador of the Fanta brand. According to reports, the current expected Indian soft drink market is about Rs 6,000 crore, in which the company shares about 50% market with its various brands like Coke, 7 Up, Fanta, Sprite and Thums Up. STUDY OF GROWTH OF SOFT DRINK MARKET SOFT DRINKS Carbonated drinks are dominated by artificial flavors based on cola, orange and lime with Pepsi and coca-cola dominating the market. The entire part of the drin. †¢Cola products account for nearly 61-62% of the total soft drinks market. †¢Two global majors’ Pepsi and coke dominate the soft drink market. †¢NCAER survey says 91% of soft drink in the country is in the lower, lower middle and upper middle class people. †¢The market is worth around Rs. 5000 crores with growth rate of around 10-15%. †¢The annual per capita consumption in India is only about 6 bottles vis- a- Vis 340 bottles in the U. S. †¢The production as soft drinks has increased from 5670 million bottles in 1998-99 to 6230 million bottles in 1999-2000 industry source. †¢Growth market this year is expected to be 10-15% in value terms and 20-22% in volume terms. However, the market for carbonated drinks is stagnating and not growing as expected. MAJOR PLAYERS IN SOFT DRINKS SEGMENT COCA COLA: thanda matlab coca cola!!! Coca cola has truly remarkable heritage. From a humble beginning in 1886 it has now become the flagship brand of largest manufacturer, distributor of non alcoholic beverages in the world. In India, coca cola was the leading soft drink till 1977 when govt. policies necessitated its departure. Coca cola has made its return to the country in 1993. and made significant investment to ensure that the beverage is available to more and more people in remote as well as inaccessible parts of the world. Coca cola returned to India in 1993 and over the past ten years has captured the imagination of the nation, building strong association with cricket, the thriving cinema industry, music etc. coca cola has been very strongly associated with cricket, sponsoring the world cup in 1996. In 2002, coca cola launched the campaign,†Thanda Matlab coca cola†. in 2003,coke was available for just rs,5 crores in the country. FANTA : GHOONTH BHAR SHARARAT KAR LEY!!! Fanta entered the Indian market in year 1996 under the coca cola brand . over the years, Fanta has occupied a strong market place and is identified as â€Å"the fun catalyst†. Fanta stands for its vibrant color, tempting taste and tingling bubbles that not just uplifts feelings but also helps free spirit thus encouraging one to indulge in the moment. LIMCA: LIME AND LEMONI!!! Drink that can cast a tangy refreshing spell on anyone, anywhere. Born in 1971, Limca has been the original thirst choice, of millions of consumers for over three decades. The brand has been displaying healthy volume growing year on year and limca continues to be leading flavoring soft drinks in the country. Dive into the zingy refreshment of limca and walk away a new person. SPIRITE: SPIRITE BHUJAYE PYAAS BAKI SAB BAKWAAS!!! World wide sprite ranked as no. 4 soft drink and is sold in more than 190 countries In India, sprite was launched in year 1999 and today it has grown to be one of the fastest growing soft drinks, leading clear lime category. Today sprite is perceived as a youth icon. With strong appeal to youth sprite has stood for a straight forward and honest attitude. Its clear crisp hingtaste encourages today’s youth to trust their instincts, influence them to be true who they are and to obey their thirst. THUMS UP: TASTE THE THUNDER!!! Strong cola taste, exciting personality. Thums up is a leading carbonated soft drink and most trusted brand in India. Originally introduced in 1977, thums up was acquired by the coca cola company in 1993. Thums up, is, known for strong, fizzy taste and its confident, mature and uniquely masculine attitude. This brand clearly seeks to separate the man from the boys. MAAZA: YAARI DOSTI TAAZA MAAZA!!! Maaza was launched in 1976. In 1993, maaza was acquired by coca cola India. Maaza currently dominates the fruit drink category. Over the years, maaza has become synonymous with mango. â€Å"Taaza Mango, Maaza mango, Botal mei aam, maaza hai naam†. consumers regard maaza as wholesome, natural, fun loving drink real experience of fruit. The campaign builds on the existing equity of the brand and delivers a relevant emotional benefit to the moms rightly captured in tagline, â€Å"yaari dosti, and taaza maaza†. PEPSI: YEH DIL MAANGE MORE!!! Pepsi cola is a carbonated beverage that is produced and manufactured by Pepsi co. It is sold in stores, restaurants and from vending machines. The drink was first made in the 1890’s in North Carolina. The brand was trademarked on June 16, 1903. There have been many Pepsi variants produced over the years. †¢Diet Pepsi †¢Crystal Pepsi †¢Pepsi twist †¢Pepsi max †¢Pepsi samba †¢Pepsi blue †¢Pepsi gold †¢Pepsi holiday spice †¢Pepsi jazz †¢Pepsi x(available in Finland & brazil) †¢Pepsi next(available in Japan & south Korea) STUDY OF GROWTH OF FRUIT DRINK MARKET FRUIT JUICES Branded fruit juice market in India holds an immense potential. Usually confused and considered synonymous with non-aerated drinks, fruit pulps, juices and squash are high sugar beverages, which are centrifuged and filtered to give a semi- clear appearance. In the past, this sector enjoyed an excise exemption, keeping cost at minimal. However the withdrawal of exemption has inflated costs and can affect growth, with dramatic change possible on reintroduction of excise exemption. MARKET †¢The organized fruit beverage market is estimated at Rs. 500 crores market. (Nectars, drinks and juices combined). †¢The market has grown at a 20% to 25% rate. †¢Of this, more expensive juices segment has grown at rate of 40%this year. It accounted for only 15% of the fruit beverage 3 years back. †¢In –home consumption of juices has gone up from 30%, three years back to 80%today. †¢Mango based drinks account for two thirds of fruit drinks industry. MAJOR PLAYERS IN THE FRUIT DRINK SEGMENT DABUR REAL Dabur’s flagship brand real fruit juice is a market leader in packaged fruit juice category. Real was launched in 1996 and the brand has carved a niche for itself by claiming to be the only fruit juice in packaged form . i. e. 100%preservative free. Real, with market share of 57% comes in nine flavors: †¢Orange †¢Mango †¢Pineapple †¢Mix fruit †¢Grape †¢Guava †¢Litchi †¢Tomato †¢Cranberry Real Active is 100%fruit juice with no added sugar and is available in following variants: †¢Orange †¢Apple †¢Orange- carrot GODREJ The food division of godrej industry produces and market fruit drinks, fruit nectar and sofit soymilk. Godrej’s brand JUMPIN comes in the following flavor: †¢Mango †¢Pineapple †¢Apple †¢Litchi †¢Orange Godrej’s x’s is a range of fruit nectar with more fruits. It’s available in following flavors: †¢Orange †¢Apple †¢Grape PEPSI’S TROPICANA. Tropicana brand fruit juice enjoys a market share of 25% and has registered a double digit growth and has outpaced the growth of fruit juice market in India. It is available in following flavors: †¢Orange †¢Apple †¢Grape †¢Cranberry LEH BERRY It is a product from Ladakh Foods. Its first fruit juice in Delhi and it’s selling it in the more affluent parts of town. It enjoys a market share of 4% and is available in a variety of flavors: †¢Pineapple †¢Apple †¢Mixed fruit †¢Orange †¢Blackcurrant †¢Mango †¢Guava PARLE’S FROOTI and APPY Frooti was launched back in 1985 and enjoys market dominance with 85% of market share. Parle’s Agro’s APPY, in 1996 had a market share of 5% in the fruit drink segment; in 2003 its new variant-APPY FIZZ was launched. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY METHODOLOGY Every project work is based on certain methodology, which is a way to systematically solve the problem or attain its objectives. It is a very important guideline and lead to completion of any project work through observation, data collection and data analysis. According to Clifford Woody, â€Å"Research Methodology comprises of defining & redefining problems, collecting, organizing &evaluating data, making deductions &researching to conclusions. † Accordingly, the methodology used in the project is as follows: – Defining the objectives of the study Framing of questionnaire keeping objectives in mind (considering the objectives) Feedback from the respondents Analysis of feedback Conclusion, findings and suggestions. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The main aim of this research study is to analyze the preference of people (of different age groups) on consumption patterns of Soft Drinks and Fruit Juices. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY †¢To study the preferences of the people for soft drinks and fruit juices. †¢To find out the factor(s) that influences the consumer’s consumption of soft drinks and fruit juices. †¢To test the know-how of the consumers regarding the various existing brands of soft drinks and fruit juices. †¢To explore the next best beverage after soft drinks and fruit juices. †¢To find out how the beverage is positioned in the mind of the consumers. SCOPE OF THE STUDY †¢This study is confined to the North West Delhi region covering areas of Paschim Vihar, Pitam Pura, Rohini area, Punjabi Bagh. †¢Seasonal drinks are not considered in the study. †¢We are considering only canned juices. †¢We are not considering water & alcoholic drinks. RESEARCH DESIGN A research design is a framework or blueprint for conducting the marketing research project. It specifies the details of the procedures necessary for obtaining the information needed to structure and/or solve marketing research problem. On the basis of fundamental objectives of the research we can classify research design into two general types: EXPLORATORY RESEARCH CONCLUSIVE RESEARCH Exploratory research is one type of research design, which has its primary objective the provision of insights into, and comprehension of, the problem situation confronting the researcher. Conclusive research is designed to assist the decision maker in determining evaluating and selecting the best course of action to take in a given situation. Conclusive research can be further divided into two types:- †¢Descriptive †¢Experimental The research design used in this project is a DESCRIPTIVE DESIGN. Descriptive study as the name implies is designed to describe something-for example the characteristics of users of a given product, the degree to which the product use the varies with income, age, etc. SAMPLING TECHNIQUE USED: This research has used convenience sampling technique. 1) Convenience sampling technique: Convenience sampling is used in exploratory research where the researcher is interested in getting an inexpensive approximation of the truth. As the name implies, the sample is selected because they are convenient. SELECTION OF SAMPLE SIZE: For the study, a sample size of 100 has been taken into consideration. SOURCES OF DATA COLLECTION: Research will be based on two sources: 1. Primary data 2. Secondary data 1) PRIMARY DATA: Questionnaire: Primary data was collected by preparing questionnaire and the people were randomly being requested to fill them. 2) SECONDARY DATA: Secondary data will consist of different literatures like books which are published, articles, internet and websites. In order to reach relevant conclusion, research work needed to be designed in a proper way. STATISTICAL TOOLS USED The main statistical tools used for the collection and analyses of data in this project are: †¢Questionnaire †¢Pie Charts †¢Bar Diagrams DATA ANALYSIS & FINDINGS Q1. What do you prefer to drink? (Tick any 1) Particulars No. of RespondentsPercentage Soft Drinks5757% Fruit Juices4343% Total100100% Q2. Frequency of consumption of your preferred drink in a week? SOFT DRINKS Particulars No. of RespondentsPercentage. Daily2849% 2-6 times2340% Above 7611% Total57100% FRUIT JUICES Particulars No. of RespondentsPercentage Daily1023% 2-6 times3070% Above 737% Total43100% Q3. On what occasions, do you often consume the Soft Drinks? Particulars No. of RespondentsPercentage Feeling Thirsty1818% Parties / Celebrations4545% Without any reason (just like that)2525% Others1212% Total100100% Q4. On what occasions, do you often consume the Fruit Juices? Particulars No. of RespondentsPercentage Feeling Thirsty1717% Parties / Celebrations3232% Without any reason (just like that)2424% Others2727% Total100100% Q5. What induces you to buy Soft Drinks? Particulars No. of RespondentsPercentage Price with quantity3030% Health Drink 44% Status symbol 88% Taste3232% Variety2626% Total100100% Q6. What induces you to buy Fruit Juices? Particulars No. of RespondentsPercentage Price with quantity1313% Health Drink 4040% Status symbol 1515% Taste2222% Variety1010% Total100100% Q7. If not a Soft Drink or a Fruit juice, which other beverage (other than water) tops your mind? Particulars No. of RespondentsPercentage Coffee3030% Tea2525% Shakes(Milk/Ice cream/Fruit)88% Lassi1212% Sharbat2525% Total100100% Q8. How do you rate canned juices as compared to fresh juices? Particulars No. of RespondentsPercentage Equivalent to fresh juices 2424% Have artificial added flavor 3636% Healthy with preservatives 4040% Total100100% Q9. How do you view Soft Drinks? Particulars No. of RespondentsPercentage As a health drink44% As a status symbol88% As an aid to put off thirst5555% Any other3333% Total100100% Q10. How do you view Fruit Juices? Particulars No. of RespondentsPercentage As a health drink4040% As a status symbol1515% As an aid to put off thirst3232% Any other1313% Total100100% Q11. Do advertisements affect your purchases? Particulars No. of RespondentsPercentag.

Pain Control During Infant Circumcision

Pain Control During Infant Circumcision Circumcision is a painful surgical procedure frequently performed on newborn baby boys and often without available pain relief measures being used. The procedure, especially without pain relief, can cause short-term effects such as choking, gagging, and vomiting. Long term effects of circumcision without pain relief are not well understood, however, an increased incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and/or periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) has been associated with pain and stress in the neonate (Leef, 2006). Crying time, facial expression, and sweating palms can indicate infant pain, as can increased heart rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure. Although these behavioral and physiological changes are present at other times, the infant usually displays them during a circumcision that is not accompanied with effective pain relief. This paper reviews various pain relief methods and current residency training practices regarding the use of analgesia during the circumcision procedure. Available treatments are used with the three most common circumcision surgical techniques: the Morgen clamp, the Gomco clamp, and the Plastibell method. Recent research suggests that the Morgen clamp is associated with a less painful procedure when compared with the other two (Leef, 2006; Yawman et al. , 2006). Preferred by trainees, the Morgen clamp is also faster to use than the Plastibell (Yawman et al. , 2006) and include local and topical pain relief methods, oral sucrose and oral acetaminophen. Dorsal penile nerve block (DPNB), which involves injecting anesthetic at the base of the penis, and subcutaneous ring block are the two most commonly used local anesthetics. Topically applied anesthetic creams include EMLA, a water-based cream that includes lidocaine and prilocaine. Although DPNB, ring block, and EMLA do not eliminate circumcision pain, all three are more effective than placebo or no treatment (Leef, 2006; Yawman et al. , 2006). Compared head to head, DPNB is substantially more effective than EMLA cream (Leef, 2006). However, DPNB can cause minor bruising, bleeding, or swelling at the injection site and EMLA can cause skin color changes or local skin irritation (Leef, 2006). When used alone during the entire surgical procedure, oral agents, such as sucrose and acetaminophen, have not been shown to be as effective when compared with either EMLA or DPNB (Leef, 2006). However, in 1998, Herschel et al. (as cited in Leef, 2006) found that when sucrose was compared with DPNB during â€Å"the initial time intervals of circumcision (surgical preparation, lateral clamping, lysis of adhesions) and the final period (excision of the foreskin and application of a dressing)† there was no significant difference in heart rate which suggests that sucrose is as effective as DPNB during these periods (Leef, 2006, p. 77). In 1991, Blass and Hoffmeyer (as cited in Leef, 2006) found that babies cried less often when given a sucrose-dipped pacifier compared to a water-dipped pacifier or no intervention when undergoing the procedure. Given these results, one can conclude that combining oral sucrose with DPNB would provide optimum pain relief. Since 1999, the American Aca demy of Family Physicians, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and the American Academy of Pediatrics have all recommended the universal use of local or topical anesthetics during neonatal circumcision (Yawman et al. 2006). In order to find out if there has been an increase in residency programs that teach effective forms of analgesia for newborn circumcision since previous data collection in 1998, Yawman et al. (2006) conducted a survey of US residency programs in family practice (FP), pediatrics (PED), and obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) in April, 2003 (N=940). The results showed that only 82% taught newborn circumcision and that FP residents (95%) were more likely to be taught the procedure than either PED (49%) or OB/GYN (86%) residents. These findings were not significantly different from the 1998 study. Ninety-seven percent of the programs that taught newborn circumcision also taught effective anesthetic techniques. This is a 26% increase compared with the previous study (71%). However, only 84% of the responding programs reported that a topical or local agent was always or at least frequently used. There was a statistically significant difference among residency programs, which showed that 93% of PED, 86% of FP and 76% of OB/GYN programs frequently or always used analgesia. The previous study did not gather this data so a comparative analysis could not be performed (Yawman et al. , 2006). There are several limitations to the Yawman et al. (2006) study. The survey relies on accurate reporting by respondents who may overestimate the frequency of how often effective pain management is taught. In addition, the respondents gave their personal opinion, which reflected on the practices of a whole department of which they may not be fully informed. The respondents completing the survey likely differed from the individuals who responded in the 1998 survey. Last, the study only surveyed teaching hospitals and may not reflect the practices of other community hospitals In spite of these limitations, the results showed that 16% of the residency programs do not always or at least frequently use analgesic agents during the surgical circumcision procedure. Based upon the overwhelming evidence of the safety and benefit to newborns of effective analgesia during circumcision this particular statistic of the Yawman et al (2006) study is both surprising and bothersome. This implies that although the teaching of effective analgesic techniques during circumcision has increased over the years, implementation of these practices is not yet universal. Furthermore, physicians that were trained in programs that did not teach the use of analgesics for circumcision, as was the case for the majority of programs just 15-20 years ago, are not likely to use pain management in their current practice. Therefore, the actual number of infants needlessly subjected to the surgical procedure without effective analgesia use is currently unknown. Further research, which attempts to quantify this number, is needed. The results may be alarming enough to create a standard policy in all hospitals, which states that effective pain management is required for all newborn circumcisions. References Leef, K. H. (2006). Evidence-based review of oral sucrose administration to decrease the pain response in newborn infants. Neonatal Network, 25, 275-284. Yawman, D. Howard, C. R. , Auinger, P. , Garfunkel, L. C. , Allan, M. , & Weitzman, M. (2006). Pain relief for neonatal circumcision: a follow-up of residency training practices. Ambulatory Pediatrics, 6, 210-214.

An Inspector calls by J.B Priestly Essays

An Inspector calls by J.B Priestly Essays An Inspector calls by J.B Priestly Essay An Inspector calls by J.B Priestly Essay This story made me think about how we should help others and showed me the consequences of the family, in this case Eva Smith died because neither the Birlings nor Gerald considered her circumstances or her feelings. J. B Priestly was a socialist and thought that you should look after everyone, so in this play he shows how bad it can be if you just think about yourself. The Edwardian attitudes to working class women were that they were not important. They were necessary to working factories but the owners expected them to keep quiet and get their work done. Middle class people called the working class the criminal class Just like Mrs Birling, Mrs Birling says, as if a girl of that sort would ever refuse money and they didnt know the difference between right and wrong rubbish if you dont come down sharply on some of these people theyd soon be asking for the world. The working class men and women were treated like toys to be used by the middle and upper classes. Croft though, he at lest had some affection this shows how things could be if they thought about other people. In 1946 many things that were mentioned in the play had happened. Titanic unsinkable absolutely unsinkable and of course the Titanic sank on its first voyage on April 1912. People were different after the war. When people were separated they thought about others. Many things in 1946 were better e. g. less poverty people thought about each other and there was less people on the streets. But still there was no welfare Just as before so the play would encourage the audience Max McKenzie-cook 25 November 2000 An Inspector calls by J. B Priestly to support the government, there are more equal opportunities e. g. women had to work during the war because the men were at war fighting but there wasnt as many opportunities and also in the Edwardian ere people were judged on their class (working, middle, upper) but today it is not as bad as before although classes still exists today. Nowadays although people realised that there are other people who needed care apart from yourself and your family, people still didnt take much responsibility, because if a police officer came in your house and said that youd sacked someone from a job and they committed suicide you probably still wouldnt take your part of the blame. Just as Mr Birling would say still I cant accept any responsibility. J. B Priestly, I think wrote this play to show people the meaning of life and that even though the people may be different like Eva Smith we still should do all we can to help the people who need it most.

3 Questions To Guide Your Marketing Program With Michael Brenner

3 Questions To Guide Your Marketing Program With Michael Brenner Successful marketing takes more than just running ads, publishing articles, and designing newsletters. With so many moving parts, running a successful marketing program can be elusive. So, use a thoughtful and simple framework to cut straight to the heart of what it means and what it looks like to get consistent results. Today, we’re talking to Michael Brenner, the CEO of Marketing Insider Group and co-author of The Content Formula. He shares his global perspective and the secret to success when it comes to content marketing. Michael discovered that he had an aptitude for helping customers at scale Counter-intuitive nature of life applies to marketing; there’s a lot more to marketing than just advertising, which we hate and tune out We perceive marketing in the wrong way; it’s a two-way communication between a company and its customers What type of marketing works? Things that are not selfish, promotional, and interruptive, but aligned to what customers are wanting and what helps them Marketing starts with culture, and growth equates to the amount of empathy a company has for its customers, employees, and world Mission Statement: What is your purpose? Meaning? What do you achieve for the people you touch? Step 1: No matter what you are working on or what role you play in the company, always ask: What’s in it for the customers? Do less promotion in advertising and more content marketing or education Identify the amount of integration and interaction that occurs across the company Step 2: What’s in it for your colleagues? Marketing goes beyond the marketing department; it’s a collaborative and magical effort Step 3: What’s in it for the company? Conversions and ROI of content marketing Culture, empathy, and performance lead to effective and successful marketing Michael tries to do 2 things every day: Be thankful and show empathy (T E) Links: Michael Brenner Michael Brenner on Twitter Marketing Insider Group The Content Formula Jim Stengel’s Grow AMP on iTunes leave a review and send screenshot to podcast@.com If you liked today’s show, please subscribe on iTunes to The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast! The podcast is also available on SoundCloud, Stitcher, and Google Play. Quotes by Michael Brenner:: â€Å"If you just help your customers, or help your buyers buy, and answer the questions that they have in that journey, then you can really succeed.† â€Å"There’s a lot more to marketing than just advertising.† â€Å"Selling is helping buyers buy, and marketing is helping buyers buy, as well, but at scale.†

Roles Expectations and Competencies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Roles Expectations and Competencies - Assignment Example Furthermore, responsibilities such as promoting professionals and improving services for the providers of continuing education should be performed effectively. The nurse educator should further have the ability to enhance the quality of the services provided by the health education specialist. Moreover, the nurse educator should be responsible for supporting and promoting the profession in order to earn considerable recognition among the patients (NCHEC, 2008). National League for Nursing (NLN) has provided certain competencies and responsibilities required for academic educators. Firstly, the candidate should facilitate learning along with teaching strategies suitable for learner needs, required learner results, content and context. Furthermore, the candidate should effectively practice evidence-based teaching in order to provide clear understanding to the health specialists. Secondly, the candidate should be responsible to develop nurses and incorporate behaviors and values which a re expected to fit in the role. Moreover, the candidate should have the ability in providing various sources to diverse learners in order to meet their individual learning needs. Thirdly, the candidate should implement various strategies for assessing and evaluating the practices of the health specialist students in order to enhance the teaching-learning process (National League for Nursing, 2005). In addition, the candidate should be responsible for participating in course design and making evaluation of the program results for the development of healthcare trends and for preparing health specialists to function efficiently in the healthcare industry. The candidate should identify that their roles are multidimensional thus, requiring a higher level of commitment for development and maintaining advanced competencies. Furthermore, the candidate is required to participate in professional development prospects that enhance the effectiveness of their specified roles. Moreover, the candi date should exhibit the qualities of scholar, such as creativity, integrity, vitality and perseverance. Last but not the least, the candidate should have the ability to identify the factors of social, political, economical and institutional factors that help to promote higher education as a foundation for making effective recommendations and decisions (National League for Nursing, 2005). Descriptions of Each of the Three Positions Advertisement of Quintiles The advertisement provided by Quintiles in order to recruit Nurse Educator field-based, specified that the candidate should be greatly enthusiastic in leading a team of health specialist for delivering excellence in care to its clients. The candidate should have a Bachelor's degree in Nursing or extensive industry/clinical experience. Preference would be given to the candidates who have an experience of Rheumatology/Gastrointestinal (GI) along with the passion and enthusiasm for providing excellent services to the clients (Quinti les, 2012). As a nurse educator, the candidate should be responsible for coordinating and supervising all the sections of clinical care along with providing training to the educators and staff facilities. Thus, according to the competency statements mentioned above, the requirements of the advertisement appropriately fulfill the descriptions posted on the advertisement. However, after viewing the advertisement I wanted to know