Animal Research And Medical Advances - 1187 Words

Animal research has played a prominent role in scientific and medical advances for many years. Due to the development of new medicines and treatments, people throughout the world enjoy a better quality of life. However, scientific and medical use of animals have been a subject of heated debate for many years. Those who support animal research and experimentation justify their stance based on the medical advances that improve human lives. Research is one of many purposes that humans use animals for. The main reason animals are used in research is to learn more about illnesses that burden humans and other animals. Society views the use of a newly developed drug or surgical technique unethical to first be used on human beings, so the drug or technique is tested on animals to ensure its safety and effectiveness. Animals, especially those with a short life span (like rodents), offer experimental models that otherwise would not be possible to produce using human subjects. A short lifespan allows scientists to determine if there are side effects to certain drugs. Some animal species are genetically identical, such as inbred mice, so researchers are able to compare different procedures on identical subjects. Scientists can also develop preferred animal models due to advances in genetic engineering. For example, the use of mice with added or disabled genes has transformed our understanding of cancer, heart disease, memory los s, Parkinson’s disease, cystic fibrosis, and muscularShow MoreRelatedAnimal Experimentation Essay812 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen using animal experimentation to create new ways to help save the human race. There are people who believe that it does help, and that it is necessary to continue, while others oppose and want to fight for the elimination of animal experimentation. Scientists fight for the cures needed to help man kind, but struggle to do so as people fight against their work in progress. But as Jennifer A. Hurley stated, â€Å"History has already shown that animal experimentation is not essential to medical progressRead MoreAnimal Testing For The Sole Benefit Of Humans979 Words   |  4 PagesFor years, there has been a debate regarding the use of animals in medical testing for the sole benefit of humans. Many people believe that testing on nonhuman animals solve the many issues that humans face, but most of the time animals are exploited and put through painful e xperimental processes. The purpose of this paper is to examine the possible alternatives to animal testing and the evaluate whether there is a reduction in animals being used for experiments. The author of this paper will examineRead MoreAnimal Experimentation : The End Of Animal Testing1118 Words   |  5 PagesThe experimentation of animals has been used for a multitude of years for research to advance a scientific understanding of a living organism. To this day animals are being tested on for the use of human products. In 3D-printing human skin: The end of animal testing? by Jessica Mendoza, Speculative Philosophy, the Troubled Middle, and the Ethics of Animal Experimentation by Strachan Donnelley, â€Å"Animals and Medical Science: A Vision of a New Era† by David O. Wiebers, Cruelty-free cosmetics benefitRead MoreImportance of Animal Testing804 Words   |  4 PagesThe use of animals in scientific research has made dramatic improvements in our understanding of the hum an race. Despite the controversies that surround this issue, without this process of testing it is certain that much of what is known today towards the quality and quantity of life would remain closed off to us. Over the years, scientists have gained the ability to solve medical problems, cure diseases, and develop vaccines all with the use of animals during scientific research. To believe thatRead MoreShould We Use Animals For Experiments?1335 Words   |  6 PagesLeland Tran Ms. Lambert Lit Modern Media Period : 5 May 7 2015 Advance in Medical Science Is a Must For years, people think of using animals for an experiment is an awful thing to do. It may seem to be disturbed to some people, but it helped medical researchers to figure out and create new medicines to cure the illnesses that have not a cure yet. How could animals help us with the experiment? If we cannot use animals, then what or who could replace them? Should we use humans for experimentsRead MoreAnimal Experimentation And The Early Greek Era1716 Words   |  7 Pages1101 9 November 2015 Animal Experimentation: We Owe It to Them Animal Experimentation has been dated as far back as to the Early Greek Era. This practice has been viewed as ethical by research scientists trying to find new medical breakthroughs. Yet, in recent years, the use of animals in research and experimentation has been frowned upon by animal protection groups and animal rights activists. Animals are protected by certain guidelines and ethics prior to their use in research. Contrary to popularRead More An Ethical Dilemma Essay1660 Words   |  7 Pagesprofessor at the University of Westminster, â€Å"animal testing, or animal research, refers to the use of animals in experiments within academic, research, or commercial establishments† (Christopher, 269). Sounds simple enough, but Swami does not mention how this testing affects the animals or why this is such a controversial issue among the public. M.J. Prescott, from the National Center for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animal Research, makes a very good point whe n he says that: Read MoreCase for Animal Testing1113 Words   |  5 PagesIn the early nineteenth century, animal experiments emerged as an important method of science and marked the birth of experimental physiology and neuroscience as we know it today. It has since become an issue of intense public controversy. Many individuals against animal experimentation claim that animals undoubtedly merit the same amount of consideration and respect as humans and should be treated on the basis of the principles of equality. However, there is significant evidence to suggest thatRead MoreArguments Against Animal Testing1157 Words   |  5 PagesWhat comes to mind when thinking about animal experimentation? Thoughts of innocent, lovable animals being stabbed with sharp needles? Well, that is not exactly the case, as animal experimentation plays a very important role in human health today. However, the idea of animals testing has become quite a controversial topic. Over the past few decades, there has been an extensive debate over the use of animals in medical and product testing. The majority of people seem to think that it is an unnecessaryRead MoreAnimal Testing Is Inhumane And Inhumane946 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen using animals since the famous Greek doctor Galen (AD 129-200) studied animals. William Harvey used animals 400 years ago to discover how blood circulated through the body. Many medical advances have been made using animals. The â€Å"modern† era of animal research started about 150 years ago. People think that animal testing is inhumane and cruel, and it used to be. In the beginning it was very different then it is today, there were no anesthetics or effective pain killers. The animals involved with

Albert Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory Free Essays

Albert Bandura’s Social Cognitive theory is highly important in understanding the processes and elements that influence human learning. One perspective of Bandura’s theory is the innate capacity of human beings to be agents of change and human processes. With this in mind, Bandura presented some human internal and external factors that influence the process of being an agent of change. We will write a custom essay sample on Albert Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now Social Cognitive theory, under the agentic perspective, relies on human intentions as a means to establish one’s connection to social structures based on three modes of agency: direct personal agency, proxy agency, and collective agency. These three modes of agency acknowledge the role of interdependence on how human beings will be able to manage human learning and processes that constitute life. Human agency necessitates the willingness and intentions of human beings to accomplish things through highly motivated thinking and actions. The results of an individuals’ thinking and actions under the perspective of human agency will assist individuals to undergo self-development and reconstruction in order for them to adapt to various life concerns. According to Bandura, human agency constitutes various core features: intentionality, forethought, self-reactiveness, and self-reflectiveness. Intentionality requires the willingness of human beings to do something in order to achieve desired results. Social functions give birth to desirable, mutual, and advantageous relationships if individuals are willing enough to become part of it. Collaborative activities, for instance, work out well if individuals take into account the desirable outcomes that might come out of it. Forethought complements intentionality, as it is concerned with looking and planning ahead. Bandura suggested that if forethoughts are motivating and desirable enough for individuals, then it will wield the intention of doing things that will eventually lead to its realization. For instance, an individual works with another for a cause but perceives that the relationship will be hostile and unproductive. His non-motivating view will not contribute to intentionality to invest time and effort to nurture the relationship. To continue, self-reactiveness talks about being able to motivate, but at the same time regulate oneself in terms of thinking and taking action. On the other hand, self-reflectiveness is established on the concept of introspection where one is able to evaluate actions and behaviors and determine how to fortify or change them. Aside from the core features of human agency, the three modes of agency influence the process of social cognition. Direct personal agency looks into the unswerving involvement of the individual to arrive at desired results. Intentionality, forethought, and self-reactiveness come into play to motivate individuals to influence the social structure. However, when individuals are unable to control it, they rely on proxy agency. The proxy agency constitutes other individuals or means to achieve the desired result, as the individual’s inability to influence the birth of the outcome is unperceived. Moreover, when direct personal agency and proxy agency do not seem to accomplish desired results within social structures, the collective agency gives off its value. The collective agency looks into the combined efforts to achieve goals and objectives. The collective agency relies on group functioning to harbor desired results. The nature of social structures is highly dependent on how individuals are able to perceive and establish it. At some points, social structures are reliant on the intentions, perceptions, and motivations of individuals to commit to actions and behaviors that will influence how these social structures will be shaped. Aside from the internal influences that might bear weight on the nature of social structures, modes of agencies will also affect how the process will be accomplished. Establishing social structures, under the three modes of agency, will depend on the direct influence of an individual, the dominance of other individuals and means to accomplish results, and the efficiency of group functioning to realize social structural goals and objectives. How to cite Albert Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory, Papers

Arts And Crafts Essay Example For Students

Arts And Crafts Essay When I am feeling all of the tension and stress from my week start to get to me, I feel like I have to unwind. I feel that I have to do something to let go of all of the thoughts I carry with me throughout the day. That is when I look through my art supplies, so I can use my energy in a productive way. I love art; it is my passion. I do everything from crocheting to painting and sculpting. It is such a release of tension and stress. Doing art is my way of expressing myself. When I create things I am able to have time alone. In fact, The four heading lines of title page information should appear only on the first page. Each new paragraph should be indented one tab or five spaces. Do not put extra line spaces between paragraphs. Doe 2 it is clear that Fitzgerald is attempting to shed some light on the direction America was heading after the First World War, When the war ended, Americans wanted to forget the hardships and turmoil of the previous years and concentrate upon the youthful glory and excitement, which became characteristic of the Jazz Age. (adapted from McGee) Jazz had been You MUST acknowledge the author(s) for any and all information you use in any kind of report, essay, or presentation that you do. The purpose of documentation is twofold: to give credit where credit is due, and to allow your reader to track down your sources, Every acknowledgement has TWO locations/parts. 1. In-text Citation acknowledgement tot a source used, placed immediately at the point where it is used ? after a quotation or after a paraphrased section. The bare detail (most commonly authors last name and page tot the quote or information) of the source is given in parentheses and it directs the reader to the complete source entry which appears in the Works Cited. 2. Works Cited, Works Consulted, or References the list of sources used with complete publication detail for each source. It begins on a separate page(s) at the end of your work. The first word(s) of each citation is/are the words used in-text, placed in earnestness. Works Cited includes all works which you cited within your work (ML style) Works Consulted includes favors which you cited in your work and those you read, but didnt make direct use of in your work (ML style) References includes all favors which you cited in your work (PAP style) Your teacher will dictate which style is to be used for documentation. The two styles that are used most commonly are those of the Modern Language Association (ML) and the American Psychological Association (PAP). The in-text citation reveals the source that was used right at the point where it was used. This citation is alternately called a parenthetical citation or parenthetical reference. In parentheses you should provide the last name of the author. Fifth author is not named, the title of the article (in quotation marks) or the title of the work (in italics) should be listed. The word(s) that appear first in the Works Cited, should appear in parentheses in your work with the page number of the quotation (ML 214-215) Writing Style and usage of Quotations set off from the text or run into it, quoted material is usually preceded by a colon it the quotation is formally introduced and by a comma or no incaution if the quotation is an integral part of the sentence structure (ML 102). Shelley held a bold view: Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the World (794). Shelley thought poets were the unacknowledged legislators of the World (794). Poets, according to Shelley, are the unacknowledged legislators of the World (734). ML 102) Construct a clear, grammatically correct sentence that allows you to introduce or incorporate a quotation.. (ML 92) Lead up to your quotation by giving the speaker and the situation. Do not assume that the reader knows the exact part Of the book that you are quoting. Avoid the use of artificial phrasing such as This quotation pro ves Follow up your quotation by commenting on, explaining, applying, interpreting, or drawing a conclusion from your quotation. Do not leave the reader to do the work! Never move on to a new point or paragraph immediately after the quotation. Introduce and follow up on each quotation separately, Do not string them together. Avoid overly long quotations. Stage Decoration and the Unity of Place in France in the Seventeenth Century- Part 2 EssayAs folk terms, â€Å"art† and â€Å"craft† refer to ambiguous conglomerations of organizational and stylistic traits and thus cannot be used as unequivocally as wc would want to use them if they were scientific or critical concepts. Since I will nevertheless have occasion to speak of art and craft worlds, organizations, and styles of work, it should be understood that in doing so I am referring to one or another aspect of some folk definition. I often refer to particular organizations that come close to realizing the ideal combinations implied by the folk terms, but even these do not live up to the expectations embodied in the ideal, nor docs it matter analytically that they do not.   In fact the ambiguities of the terms and the contradictions between what they predict and what the world exhibits will be most useful in the analysis, as those ambiguities and contradictions occur in particular fields of activity undergoing change. When change occurs, the people involved argue over the meaning of the activity; therefore examining cases of change from one defini tion to another will help us understand better the social meaning of our basic terms. I have made indiscriminate use of materials from a variety of sources my own experience in a numlier of worlds of art and craft as well as socio logical and historical studies of such worlds but 1 have not examined any systematic body of data in a systematic way. For my major examples I have used the worlds of the conventional handicrafts (especially ceramics), which   produce objects capable of visual appreciation and thus tend to be linked to such high art worlds as painting and sculpture. But the analysis is intended to be more general than that, and, though I speak largely of such crafts, I will occasionally indicate applications to other kinds of media and to per forming as well as object-producing arts and crafts.